Frankenstein Romanticism Essay - 1610 Words

Romanticism began to make a great influence on art and literature during the eighteenth to the nineteenth century. Frankenstein was first published in 1818 during that period and the novel is flooded with Mary Shelley’s feelings of extreme good and bad emotions. English literature during the romanticism period is believed to be the most expressive in style, subject, and content. The discrepancy and chaos concerning the essential principles and competing philosophies were believed to be fascinating for several famous novelists along with poets that cited the Romantics as being their most eminent motivational voices. Romanticism in literary context means a movement in art and literature that depicts an emotional matter within an imaginative†¦show more content†¦Mary Shelly sets her novel up in an exotic atmosphere with the entire novel taking place in the foreign and scenic country of Switzerland. In the novel, Victor Frankenstein tells us about the scenery of Switzerla nd when Victor said â€Å"The road ran by the side of the lake which became narrower as I approached my native town. I discovered more distinctly the black sides of Jura, and the bright summit of Mont Blanc; I wept like a child: ‘Dear mountains! My own beautiful lake! How do you welcome your wanderer? Your summits are clear; the sky and lake are blue and placid. Is this to prognosticate peace, or to mock at my unhappiness? which shows the romantic side of Victor as he views nature. However, the exotic nature also reveals the misery of the monster whose condition deteriorates along with Victor when the beautiful nature is no longer tranquil to them. This is shown when the monster says â€Å"The labours I endured were no longer to be alleviated by the bright sun or the gentle breezes of spring†. The contrasting differences of misery even in exotic places prove that romanticism has the beliefs that imagination and devotion to beauty is inferior to reason. Mary Shelley’s sense of nationalism and beliefs are apparent in the novel so we can safely say that she is highly aware of the political issues around her. The monster Victor created has many critical comments in the novel on human society and individual behavior during hisShow MoreRelatedRomanticism In Frankenstein Essay740 Words   |  3 Pages Mariah McCoy Dr.Bardot His-102 16 June 2017 Historical Relevance Within Frankenstein Imagine a world without Enlightenment, the Industrial Revolution,and Romanticism. Mary Shelley uses these topics in her novel to expose the effects that each of these had on society. Frankenstein is a novel that was published in the early 1800’s and tells a story about a man by the name of Victor Frankenstein. Technology and critical thinking skills plays a huge role in the novel and real life.By analyzingRead MoreRomanticism in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay2052 Words   |  9 Pagescontinues to draw readers with Frankensteins many meanings and effect on society. Frankenstein has had a major influence across literature and pop culture and was one of the major contributors to a completely new genre of horror. Frankenstein is most famous for being arguably considered the first fully-realized science fiction novel. In Frankenstein, some of the main concepts behind the literary movement of Romanticism can be found. Mary Shelley was a colleague of many Romantic poets such as her husbandRead MoreEssay about Romanticism in Frankenstein1010 Words   |  5 Pageswas greatly influenced by the intellectual movement of Romanticism. Since she was closely associated with many of the great minds of the Romantic Movement such as her husband Percy B. Shelley and Lord Byron, it is natural that her works would reflect the Romantic trends. Many label Shelley ¡Ã‚ ¯s most famous novel Frankenstein as the first Science Fiction novel in history because its plot contains the process of a scientist named Victor Frankenstein creating a living human being from dead body parts,Read MoreRomanticism Technology in Frankenstein Essay example1135 Words   |  5 PagesRomanticism as defined in the American Heritage dictionary is a movement characterized by a heightened sense in nature, emphasis on the individuals expression of emotion and imagination, and rebellion against established social rules and conventions. Technology is defined as the practical application of know ledge especially in a. Mary Shelley joins these two realms in Frankenstein, to create one of the most memorable characters in literature, Victor Frankenstein. Historically situatedRead More Romanticism and Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay1531 Words   |  7 PagesRomanticism and Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Romanticism is a philosophy that has played an important role in the development of western culture. This philosophy also had a great effect on Marry Shellys famous novel, Frankenstein. Though it is easy to find its influence in the story, it is unclear whether or not Marry Shelly supported the movement.. Marry Shelly lived through the height of romantic belief. In 1797, when Shelly was born, there had already been several decades for theRead MoreEssay on Frankenstein: Development through Romanticism1614 Words   |  7 Pages Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein is a Gothic and Romantic novel written in the early 1800s. The novel opens with Captain Robert Walton as he is sailing on his ship on the search for new and undiscovered territory. During his exploration, Robert’s ship becomes trapped in ice, and he encounters Victor Frankenstein, who looks miserable. When Robert begins to talk to Victor, Victor starts to explain his life story, which ends up being a complete tragedy. Victor tells Robert of his desire to discover theRead MoreAspects of Romanticism in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein Essay1170 Words   |  5 Pagesthat we either envy and want or despise and fear, such as witches and vampires, superheroes and magic. Everything we feel as people, as individuals plays into what we want and how we act. All of these things are aspects of Romanticism, which we can see in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. Nature has a soothing and healing affect. There is poison ivy which will irritate your skin, but growing near it in the surrounding area, is jewelweed, a natural cure for the itch. There is the desert and there is theRead MoreCritical Analysis of Mary Shelleys Frankenstein974 Words   |  4 PagesThe essay discussed in this document is Said I. Abdelwaheds The Gothic, Frankenstein and the Romanics, which was published in 1997 in An-Najaj N. J. Res. The author is the assistant professor of English literature at Gazas Al-Azhar University. These credentials are fairly impressive considering the international reputation of the university the author was working at during the time of publication. Additionally, the authors status as an assistant professor helps to imbue this work with a degreeRead MoreFrankenstein, by Mary Shelley1078 Words   |  5 PagesMary Shelley’s Frankenstein has undoubtedly withstood the test of time. Frankenstein’s direct association with fundamenta l Gothic literature is extremely renowned. However, the novel’s originality is derived from the foundational thematic values found within the relationship (or lack there of) between Victor Frankenstein and the monster he had created, in combination with a fascinatingly captivating plot. Understandably, Frankenstein can often be associated with a multitude of concepts; however,Read MoreWhy Did I Choose A Passage From Frankenstein?1504 Words   |  7 PagesWhy did I choose a passage from Frankenstein? It is a work which portrays a lot of themes, symbols, motifs and it is contextualized in a period with a lot of changes in the society. In this essay I will explore the many aspects of Frankenstein that influence in the society for its later staging of horror films. Mary Shelley was a British novelist and she was best known for her novel Frankenstein or, The Modern Prometheus; this science-fiction novel was published in 1818 and it was set in 1789 in

What Was The Second Temple Period - 2361 Words

Introduction The Second Temple Period was an extremely diverse time in history. Several changes in kings bought about major change among the Jews. The changes were obvious in religion, leaderships, and accomplishments of the period. The numerous different leaders changed the foundation of the Jewish people down to the core. In this paper I will review the various transitions that took place during the second time period. It is evident that the changes that took place influenced the Jews in a variety of ways. This paper will highlight those influences. What was the Second Temple Period? The Second Temple Period was a time in history that bought about a lot of physical and spiritual changes. Often in history one is able to see the affect that new leadership has on a particular area. The same can be said about the Jews and the Second Temple Period. â€Å"Formerly called the â€Å"intertestamental period,† most scholars now prefer the term â€Å"Second Temple Period† For the time from the building of the Second temple in 515BC by Zerubbabel until its destruction by the Romans in AD 70, including the time of Jesus and the early church† â€Å"The Second Temple Period is comprised of five eras demarcated by a series of occupational forces of Palestine and punctuated by five great crises for the Jewish people† The Persian Period (539-331 BC) â€Å"When Cyrus of Persia, a former vassal of Media (from around 550 BC0, attacked Opis (an outlying city), Nabonidus king of Babylon was busy quelling a bloodyShow MoreRelatedThe Destruction Of The Second Temple1558 Words   |  7 Pagesof the second temple in 70CE? Introduction Judaism as one of the oldest religions in the world has been through various historical changes. Started with the practice and belief of ancient Israeli people, through the conquering and changing of different kingdoms and empires, Judaism and Jewish people changed and adapted to maintain their identity, belief and existence. Judaism that we know nowadays is a result of its historical changes, primarily from the Babylonian Exile and the second temple periodsRead MoreThe Rabbinic Age of Judaism1185 Words   |  5 Pagesthe rituals of the Temple, the scribes and sages, later called rabbis dominated the study of the Torah. These sages identified with the Prophets and developed and maintained an oral tradition that they believed had originated at Mount Sinai. The Pharisees had its origins in this new system. One of the factors that distinguished the Pharisees from other groups preceding the destruction of the Temple was their belief that all Jews had to observe the purity laws outside the Temple. The major differenceRead MoreThe First Jewish Diaspora1490 Words   |  6 Pageshad three main periods to it: the Babylonian exile, the Hellenistic dispersion, and the Roman War (R. Sands, 1). The Jewish Diaspora began in 586 BCE when the Jews were deported from their motherland, Judea, as a result of shifts of power and war (R. Sands, 1). After this came the Hellenistic part of the Diaspora which was the voluntary movement of the Jews. In the Roman War, Jews were again forced to leave their homeland after the Romans destroyed their temple again for a second time. Despite theseRead MoreWhat was the Temple Judaism Period? 711 Words   |  3 PagesTemple Judaism is the form of Judaism that took place mainly between 515 B.C. to 70 A.D and is commonly referred to as â€Å"Second Temple Judaismâ⠂¬  by plenty of academics. The primary sources of research for this period of Judaism is often referred to in The Book Of Maccabees, The Dead Sea Scrolls, and The New Testament. As far as key practices go for Temple Judaism, the fundamentals to Judaism now where developed in this time period such as the seven laws of Noah, and the establishment of maintainingRead MoreWorship And Sin Can Not Coexist1233 Words   |  5 Pageswith Him. The Temple and Tabernacle were the places where man encountered God, so they served as vital religious components of Judaism. In addition to atonement, tabernacle and temple, further elements of Old Testament worship include scripture, singing, and covenant renewal/remembrance. This essay will go over Old Testament worship practices and the significance of these practices. Atonement is the physical ritual conveying a sentiment of repentance. In the Old Testament, atonement was the methodRead MoreHistorical Settings Of Apocalyptic Texts1745 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the second temple period, Jews faced persecution at the hands of the Greeks and the Romans. They struggled to make sense of their suffering and define the place of their religion in an increasingly assimilated world. Jews had to define who they were and how they would interact with or separate themselves from other cultures and traditions. One of the ways in which people did this was by writing texts to define who they were, where they came from, and what they stood for. Jewish authors duringRead More12 Minor Prophets Of The Old Testament1297 Words   |  6 Pagesthe rebuilding of the temple of the Lord. Although we are not given the specific details about when it is written or who wrote the book of Haggai, it is often assumed that Haggai himself wrote it. Scholars also presume that it was written around 520 B.C. due to the specifics of the time period given in the book itself. It is a rather short book, only consisting of two chapters, and exact dates are given as to when the Lord spoke to Haggai regarding the rebuilding of the temple. For example, HaggaiRead MoreCultural Context Of The Temple Of Athena1745 Words   |  7 PagesCoventry University 194 BE Cultural Context Temple Of Hera in the history Discuss the influence of culture to a classic building Liujingya 2016-4-21 6714415 â€Æ' Contents ï  ¬ Introduction ï  ¬ Main body 1. Establishment of the temple 2. Related politics and art 3. Culture development ï  ¬ Conclusion Cultural influence of the temple of Hera It is very clear that ancient buildings can be a part of the evidence to show what happed in the history. As a part of ancient culture, architecturalRead MoreQuick Essay on the Temple of Saturn868 Words   |  4 PagesGrand Tour Temple of Saturn The Temple of Saturn was one of the most important structures in Roman society, because it signified all of their major values as a whole, in one place, and today the Temple stands in ruins, at the foot of Capitoline Hill, on the Western side of the Forum Romanum. The origin of the Temple of Saturn is hard to determine, since the only records we have are the reconstructions of the Temple, and not the date or period it was first made. Construction of the temple is thoughtRead MoreArchitecture Of The Temple Of Artemis At Ephesus1424 Words   |  6 Pagesarchitecture of the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus (320-650 BCE). Analyzing the remains in term of Art History is nearly impossible because there is nothing left outside but some foundations that consist of piles of rocks. These are most likely the bases of the temples columns. The site only has one actual column that is still intact. Although, it looks as though it has been pieced together with scrap. A number of artists have created t heir interpretations of what they believed the temple looked like based

ECO 100 Final Paper Effects of taxes on the economy

Effects of Taxes on the Economy Donna Ralston ECO 100 Survey of Contemporary Economic Issues Instructor: Frank Huber July 14, 2014 What happens to the economy when the government raises or lowers taxes? Lots of people in America do not understand exactly what happens to the economy when the government raises or lowers taxes. In this paper I am going to address that question as well as a few other things such as: Describing the effect on net personal income when the government raises taxes and when the government lowers taxes. Describing how the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is affected by higher taxes and lower taxes. I will also identify what other economic factors are affected when taxes are raised or†¦show more content†¦To get everything produced by a countrys citizens, no matter where they are in the world, you should look at Gross National Product (GNP), also called Gross National Income (GNI).† (Amadeo,K. n.d) Each month, the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), an agency of the U.S. Department of Commerce, releases an estimate of the level and growth of U.S. gross domestic product (GDP), whic h is the output of goods and services produced by labor and property located in the United States. Usually, a recession is when a slowdown in economic activity happens and can cause a decrease in jobs, as well as constricted credit for loans, and lethargic or disheartened sales overall. To be precise, a recession is defined as a decrease in the nation’s total economic activity (the GNP) for two or more consecutive quarters. We know when a recession occurs because it affects everyone. You might lose your job, be turned down for a loan that you normally could have gotten etc†¦ The government intervenes by implementing the fiscal policy; it is a type of economical intervention where the government inserts its guidelines into the economy to either expand the economy’s growth or to contract it. They do this by fluctuating the levels of spending and taxation, the governments can directly or indirectly affect the total demand, which is the total amount of goods and services in the economy. What other economic factors are affected when taxes areShow MoreRelatedRecycling Just Makes Sense : The Three R s Of Sustainability1585 Words   |  7 Pagesdo. Recycling things involves using a product in the production of similar or same products again. In regular production, the use of raw materials is sourced directly from natural resources. Recycled paper can very well be used in producing new paper without vastly compromising the quality of the final product. The same applies to most products like metal, glass and plastics. The energy saved due to the use of recycled materials also adds up to overall savings. As a result, the amount of waste reachingRead MoreStudy Guide Eco/3652084 Words   |  9 PagesECO/365 Final Examination Study Guide This study guide prepares you for the Final Examination you complete in the last week of the course. It contains practice questions, which are related to each week’s objectives. Highlight the correct response, and then refer to the answer key at the end of this Study Guide to check your answers. Use each week’s questions as a self-test at the start of a new week to reflect on the previous week’s concepts. When you come across concepts that you are unfamiliarRead MoreEco 550 Assignment 2 Essay1987 Words   |  8 PagesAssignment 2: Operations Decisions Eco 550 Managerial Economics The purpose of this paper is to discuss the reasons why I, as a hired management consultant, would suggest a fictitious company either shut down operations or continue them based on its operational health. In order to do this I must first describe, in brief, the basic details of the company I have created to provide some tangibility to this assignment. Then I will assess the current environmental scan factors relevant to the decisionRead MoreHjghhh7216 Words   |  29 PagesAssociate Professor Department of finance University of Dhaka Subject: Submission report on â€Å" Long Run Perspectives of Developer in Bangladesh† Dear Madam, We are pleased to submit the report you have assigned to us. The report paper was to prepare the term paper on the course named â€Å"Real Estate Finance† course code: F-409, as a part of our academic activities. Working on this report was a great opportunity for us to apply our theoretical expertise, sharpen our view and ideas. Finally, weRead MorePromotional Exam Econs10149 Words   |  41 PagesPromotional Examinations Revision Package 2011 Contents Section A: Case Studies 1. 2007 TPJC Prelims H1 Paper CSQ1: China’s Water Woes 2. 2007 GCE A-Level Paper H1 CSQ1: International Tourism (covered in Lecture) 3. 2008 CJC Prelims H1 Paper CSQ1: The Illegal Drug Market 4. 2009 RVHS Year 5 End of Year Exams Paper CSQ1: Challenges of the Agricultural Sector Section B: Essays 1. 2006 SAJC H1 Final Exams: Application of Demand and Supply – Price Control 2. 2008 SRJC H1 Prelims: Market Failure 3Read MoreIkea Marketing Plan8221 Words   |  33 Pagesex-employee release a book telling all about his time as the secretary to owner Kamprad. The book is called â€Å"The Truth about IKEA† by Johan Stenebo and in it he details a racist owner who employs secret corporate spies and a company that is not as eco-friendly as they suggest. A few years back, a reporter discovered Kamprad’s previous involvement in the Nazi regime (Watson). Changes in Key Executive Positions: The most crucial change in executive power came on September 1st, 2009 when Michael OhlssonRead MoreHonda Annual Report40362 Words   |  162 Pages(right) A five-passenger, five-door dedicated hybrid vehicle, the all-new Insight has been very well received by a wide range of customers due to an affordable price with exceptional fuel economy, fun-to-drive performance and efficient versatile packaging and featuring the Ecological Drive Assist System (Eco Assist) that can further enhance efficient vehicle operation while providing feedback related to individual driving styles. 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Critical Evaluation of Environmental Impact in Supply Chains

Question: Describe thee selection of suitable modes of transport and reasons, critical evaluation of how carbon footprint and environmental impact could be reduced. Answer: Introduction In present context, it is very difficult for the business organizations to sustain in the industry without maintaining the economic viability. There are so many polices, rules and regulations made by government for maintaining the economic viability. Business organizations are bound to follow those policies, rules and regulations to sustain in the industry. In present business world, supply chain is an essential part for delivering the goods to the other organizations and customers. Effective supply chain management is required for maintaining the delivery of goods in well manner and to continue the flow of production. But supply chain also creates impact on environment such as mode and way used by organization to supply the products can create negative impact or not (Sarkis 2012). Companies need to focus on maintaining the rules and regulation for ensuring the economic viability and sustaining in the industry. The purpose of applying the environmental supply chain management by the business organization is to look for their facilities (Ageron, Gunasekaran and Spalanzani 2012). The supply chain of an organization can be considered as the environmental supply chain management when they can ensure that supply chain is friendly to the environment. Working with suppliers on environmental issues does not only generate significant environmental benefits, but also opportunities for cost containment, improved risk management, enhanced quality and brand image. Business organizations must need to address the all environmental issues before developing supply chain management for getting the benefit. The purpose of the current study is to analyze the environmental impact of moving 96,000 drive shafts per month from UK supplier in Oldham to the customers assembly facility near Budapest. The focus is to identify the suitable mode of transport and its environmental impact. Critical analysis has been conducted to identify how the carbon footprint and environmental impact can be reduced. The development of innovative is to be discussed for reducing the environmental impact. Selection of Suitable Modes of Transport and Reasons There are three options for transporting goods of any business from one country to another country. The organization can use the help of transportation mode like road, sea, air and rail. It has been seen that there is ample ferry option in Budapest, but in Oldham there is no such option to transport business good over the ship. Therefore, ferry services will not be suited for transporting 96000 drive shafts per month, from the UK supplier in Oldham to the customer assembly facility near Budapest in Hungry. As the drive shaft has to be transmitted frequently that is per month, it will be better if the suppliers use road or air mode of transportation (Keshavarzian et al. 2012). The suppliers have to consider several things while choosing transportation mode between two countries. It can be suitability of time, flexibility and cost. The suppliers are to transport drive shaft per month; therefore, they need to be very careful about the cost of the transportation. In this context, road transportation will be best for the supplier of UK in Oldham. There are many types of land transportation vehicles available between Oldham and Hungry in Budapest. The best option for the UK suppliers would be the trucks. They can supply many heavy drive shafts at one time by the trucks. On the other hand, road transportation needs very less investment as compared to other mode of transportation like air and railways. The cost of constructing, maintaining and operating the road are very cheap (Chowdhry and Kone 2012). Therefore, the charge for using the road transportation is very low. The suppliers of UK in Oldham have to give less tax to the government for transporting drive shafts frequently to Budapest (Suzuki and Dai 2013). Road transportation will also be very flexible as the time, and routes can be adjusted according to individual requirement without much inconvenience. The intermediate loading and handling can be avoided through road transportation. Ther efore, risk of damaging drive shaft can be minimized. As the drive shafts have to be transmitted quickly, road transportation will be the best option because no time is wasted in booking the good and taking delivery of goods like water and railway transportation. The suppliers can also use various environmental friendly trucks apart from normal trucks for transporting drive shafts (Soon et al. 2013). It will be helpful in minimizing the pollution of the countries from the truck reaching Hungry in Budapest. The suppliers of UK can also use air transportation mode for transporting drive shafts. It will be the fastest shipping method among all types of transportation modes. The arrival and departure time of Cargo flight is very reliable (SteadieSeifi et al. 2014). Even if the suppliers miss any cargo aircraft, it will not be very critical because the cargos depart every hour. Drive shafts have high potential to be damaged and theft. A tight level of security is managed over the cargo by airport security (Bellos, Ferguson and Toktay 2013). Therefore, Cargo aircraft will provide a high level of security over the drive shafts transmitted by the UK suppliers of Oldham. Air shipment needs less heavy packing of the good to be transported. Thus, the UK suppliers can save time and money for providing service in packaging while transporting drive shaft to Hungry in Budapest. Assessment of the Environmental Impact of the Transportation Modes Impact of Road Transportation Air pollution The land transportation will have great effect on the air quality of the environment. Highway vehicles are the sources of the pollution in the form of unwanted green house gas. The emission of green house gas affects the air quality (Chester et al. 2013). Thus, it causes damage of human health. Toxic air pollutants may lead to cancer, respiratory, cardiovascular and neurological diseases. The emission of carbon monoxide may reduce the availability of oxygen (Arkan, Fichtinger and Ries 2014). The emission of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides may cause acid rain when it mixes with the cloud. It reduces agricultural crop yield and even causes decline of forest. Noise pollution Road transportation causes chaotic and irregular sound in the environment, which is traumatizing for hearing organ by it disturbing and unpleasant character. Long-term exposure of sound level, which is above 75 dB, is seriously harmful for the human life and causes different diseases (Giles-Corti et al. 2016). However, utilization of hybrid car in place of transporting the drive shaft may not be so harmful in regards to sound pollution. Water pollution Road transportation may also affect the water quality of the environment. Fuel, chemicals and many others hazardous particles emitted from the road transportation can pollute the water quality of river, lake and ocean. It can have great effect on the life of fishes in the water. It can harmfully affect the breeding system of the fishes of the ocean and lakes (Wathern 2013). The land will also be polluted, as the irrigation system will provide polluted water in the land. Therefore, it will ultimately reduce the fertility of the soil. Environment impact of Air transportation Climate change Burning hydrocarbon in oxygen produces water vapour. The water vapour produced by air craft in the high altitude condense into droplets and mixes with the cloud that causes cold in the atmosphere. The humidity of the atmosphere is also increased by the emission of water vapour in high altitude (Bassam 2013). Cirrus cloud may be formed via increase in formation of contrails. This cirrus clouds have a great affect on the global warming. Thus, it changes the climate of the environment. The potentiality of rain can also be minimized through the particles emitted from the aircraft. Noise pollution Air transportation has a great effect on the sound system of the environment. Especially, the people who live in the airport area are deeply affected by the noise created by the aircraft. When takes off on the runways, it creates an unwanted sound pollution on the environment. The old age people around the airport suffer from several types of sound related diseases from the sound pollution created by the aircraft take off and landing (Salvi, Subramanian and Panwar 2013). It also hampers the learning of the students as the mind of student is diverted while they study with concentration. Critical Evaluation of how Carbon Footprint and Environmental Impact could be Reduced It has already discussed that climate change and environmental issues are major issues for the world. In this case, each and every individual organization should take responsibility for reducing the level of carbon which is occurred by pollution. There is already both domestic and international framework for controlling the carbon foot print. Organizations need to follow those frameworks for mitigating the carbon footprint. Recently, globalization has opened the opportunities for doing the business globally. So, the global supply chain network has increased due to the implementation of new business policies by UK government. Side by side, it has increased the length of transportation. Therefore, environment is also affected by the increasing of transportation system. Considering the green concept, it can help to reduce the carbon footprint and environmental impact. Companies need to play effective role and consider the environmental policies related to the supply chains for increasin g the efficiency (Lin 2013). Most of the multinational organizations have already applied green practices for the supply chain to reduce the carbon footprint and to improve the sustainability. Maximum number of organization has achieved 40% reduction of CO2 emission in last year. Recently, Toyota Motor Europe has implemented the five year environmental action plan. The main objective of that plan is to establish a low-carbon society and the company is focused on developing hybrid technology for cars in the design phase which can help in reducing the energy utilization and also emission in the production stage (Chaabane, Ramudhin and Paquet 2012). It is not only the end, it is also focused on optimizing route planning to limit emissions in logistics. According to the statement of Diabat and Govindan (2011), companies need to set certain goal and objectives to manage the carbon foot print in the supply chains concerning the environmental impact. The goal and objective should be done in such a manner in which carbon footprint management can affect the traditional business goals such as operational efficiency and profitability. The goal of the organization should focus on implementing the green supply chains and establishment of a green image factor. In this case, companies can the merge the corporation social responsibility program with the carbon foot print management to reduce the carbon foot print as well as environmental impact. Companies can take several actions to identify the role of different activities which can take crucial part for reducing the carbon footprint and greenhouse gas emission. Companies can consider several activities such as identification of those activities which mostly contribute in the greenhouse gas em ission. Another activity is that identification of the role of all suppliers included in supply chain. If a company considers the carbon footprint management from a product life-cycle perspective, organizations should take into account the emissions of all the stages included in supply chain network from raw material extraction to the recycling of disposal of waste (Tseng and Chiu 2013). The companies need to rank the supply chain activities on the basis of contribution to the carbon foot print. The rank of activities may vary industry to industry such as in case of manufacturing, maximum carbon emissions occur due to use of high energy. On the other side, the critical activities for food industries are the raw material extraction or the farming stage. But generally, in transportation of product generates maximum amount of carbon footprint in the supply chain of an organization. According to the review of Sarkis, Zhu and Lai (2011), transportation of goods accounts almost 14% of the total green house gas emissions and three-quarters of total emissions is generated through road transport. So, in this case, it is important to identify the role of each partner such as third-party providers involved in such chain. It can help to the companies to identify the strength and weakness of them and also to identify new opportunities for improvement. Discussion of Innovative and Current Technology Available for Reducing the Environmental Impact On the basis of information related to supply chain, it has already described that road transport will be better for transferring of drive shafts from Oldham to Hungary. But it has also been described that road transport create more impact on the environment. So, the company needs to take proper action to reduce the impact as much as possible for the sustainability. In this case, technology can play vital role for reducing the environmental impact. The company needs to assess the activities related to road transportation and role of third-party logistics for taking effective action (Gold and Seuring 2011). Nowadays, it is found that maximum organizations are trying to implement the concept of green supply management through using new technologies. The purpose of developing green supply management is to increase the operational efficiency and reduce the hurdles for sustainability. The goods are transferred in road transportation through truck and other goods carrying car. Petrol or di esel is used to drive those vehicles. It can be found that petrol and diesel increase more amount of carbon emission which create more impact on environment. The environment is more affected by vehicles and cars. So, alternatives should be applied instead of oil for driving car which can reduce the environmental impact. In recent years, new vehicles with new technology have been introduced to drive through other energies rather than petrol and diesel. Natural gas or bio gas can be used for driving those of types of vehicles (Azevedo, Carvalho and Machado 2011). The cost of transportation with these cars is also less and it does not create any negative impact on environment. So, the company can use types of cars for transferring the goods from one place to another place. It can reduce the overall costs and the environmental policies can also be fulfilled for sustainability. The demand of solar vehicles has also increased because these cars also reduce the environmental impact and the cost of transportation. So, the company can also use solar energy vehicle for transferring goods from one place to another place. For transferring goods to long distance, the company can transport bulk amount of goods at one time which can reduce the requirement of vehicles and also frequency of transportation. It can reduce the environmental impact and can also reduce the transportation cost for the company. They should avoid the old vehicles and should use vehicles of new technology which can reduce the carbon footprint. It is estimated that transport and distribution systems emit a similar proportion of CO2 emissions from energy as manufacturing operations (Wong, Boon-Itt and Wong 2011). This means that compared to other parts of the supply chain, this is not particularly energy intensive. The drive shafts needs to be transferred for long distance. Goods transport has an extremely high dependency on a single energy source. This means increasing the amount of transferring of goods, CO2 will grow in line. But the aim of the company should be to use fuel efficiently in transportation of goods to keep emissions from road transport as low as possible. Compressed natural gas is cheaper comparing to diesel and petrol. The price of compressed natural gas also fluctuates less than diesel. So, it can use vehicles which run by natural compressed gas can reduce the transportation cost as well as overall cost of the company. On the basis of overall discussion, it is clear that vehicles with new advanced technology will reduce the carbon footprint emission as well as environmental impact. Recommendations The focus of the company should make the logistics system more efficient to deliver real business benefits. The benefits are: reducing of transportation cost as well overall costs, lower green house emissions, better business planning and an improved operational efficiency. The company needs to build a more responsive supply chain and to develop new technologies for creating opportunities to deliver greater value as well as reduce the pollution and environmental impact. The company should ensure that vehicles used by them are in full order to reduce carbon emission. The company can save the costs and reduce the carbon emissions from having fewer trucks on the road and truck loads increased. They should develop and apply the new technology for reducing the carbon emission and also the overall costs. They can use battery-powered vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles for delivering the goods from one place to another place. They can also use the truck which runs on compressed natural ga s rather than diesel. It can produce 11% less CO2, 95% less particulate emissions and 35% less nitrogen oxide. On the other side, the company can consider other modes of transportation such as sea and rail which does not affect the environment like road transportation. They can reduce the times of delivery of goods through road system and can use other modes of transportation occasionally to reduce the carbon footprint emission and environmental impact. So, the company needs to build strong relationship and partnership with the logistics providers, rail company and cargo ship transporters for implementing environmental supply chain management. Conclusion On the basis overall discussion, it is clear that there is strong role of environmental supply chain for maintaining eco-friendly environment. At present, carbon footprint emission and climate change are major issues which are caused by pollution. Road transportation creates more negative impact on the environment because it increases the pollution at very fast rate rather than other transportation system. Each and every company should focus on this part for maintaining the environmental viability otherwise it can create major issues in the future. Companies should give more focus on the social aspect because the basic purpose of an organization is to serve the society not to create harmful situation for them. So, the company should implement green supply chain management for maintaining the environmental viability. Companies can achieve higher profit for short time but they could not be able to sustain in the industry without maintaining the environmental viability. So, companies ne ed to concentrate more on this area for better and healthy society. They should implement the actions for reducing the carbon footprint as much as possible. Reference list Ageron, B., Gunasekaran, A. and Spalanzani, A., 2012. 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